
By the late nineteenth century, the topic became more diffuse because of growing leisure interests and the development of a lower middle class linked to middle-class standards but not defined by them. Between the late eighteenth and late nineteenth centuries, the middle-class work ethic had palpable historical impact, not only on the class itself, including its children and the training they received, but also on judgments of other groups viewed as deficient in the work category. Gaps between assertion and reality, nevertheless, are an important aspect of the topic. The middle class did begin to develop distinctive ideas about work at that point, and in some cases began to follow a distinctive work regimen as well.

Middle-class work is largely a modern topic, and indeed the class itself, as a self-conscious entity, dates back only to the eighteenth century in Europe.
